America’s First Dogs

Since the founding of the United States, the White House has been home to more than just the nation's leaders—it has also hosted a series of loyal and lovable pets, particularly dogs. These "First Dogs" have played an important role in the personal lives of U.S. presidents, offering companionship and sometimes even political symbolism. From the early days of George Washington’s Sweetlips to the present-day Commander, these canine companions have become beloved figures in American culture.

The tradition of keeping dogs at the White House began with the first president, George Washington. Known for his love of animals, Washington was not just a dog owner, but a breeder of foxhounds. His dog Sweetlips, an American Foxhound, was one of his favorites and is often considered America’s first "First Dog." Washington had a deep interest in developing the American Foxhound breed, which remains popular today. Sweetlips and Washington's other hounds were essential to his hunting lifestyle and frequently accompanied him on long walks around his estate, Mount Vernon.

The current "First Dog" of the United States is Commander, a German Shepherd owned by President Joe Biden and First Lady Jill Biden. Commander joined the Biden family in December 2021 after the passing of their previous dog, Champ, and after their other German Shepherd, Major, was rehomed.

{getToc} $title={Table of Contents}

First "First Dog"

The first known "First Dog" is often considered to be Sweetlips, a foxhound owned by George Washington, the first President of the United States. Washington was an avid dog lover and breeder, and his foxhounds were well-known at the time.

Breed: American Foxhound

Born: Circa 1780s

Weight: ~60-70 lbs (typical for a foxhound)

Years with George Washington: Late 1700s

Notable Facts: Sweetlips was one of the most famous of George Washington’s beloved dogs. 

Washington, the first President of the United States, was a passionate dog lover and breeder, particularly of foxhounds. Sweetlips, along with other dogs like Vulcan and Scentwell, were part of Washington's pack used for fox hunting at his Mount Vernon estate.

Washington was instrumental in developing the American Foxhound, a breed still popular today, by crossing English, French, and Irish hounds. Sweetlips was said to have been a gentle and elegant dog, admired not only for her hunting skills but also for her demeanor and companionship. Washington often took Sweetlips with him on walks around Mount Vernon and during social gatherings.

Sweetlips symbolizes Washington’s deep connection with animals, particularly dogs, and his efforts to develop the American Foxhound as a distinct breed. Though specific details of her life and death are not well-documented, she remains a part of presidential pet history as one of the earliest "First Dogs" in America

Famous First Dogs

Over the years, several First Dogs have become famous in their own right

Fido (Abraham Lincoln) – Mixed Breed (1861-1865)

Though Fido never actually lived in the White House, he was Lincoln's beloved dog and known for his gentle nature and loyalty.

Fido, Abraham Lincoln's beloved dog, was a yellowish, floppy-eared mixed-breed, likely a mix of Labrador retriever and possibly a terrier or shepherd. Lincoln adopted Fido in the 1850s, and the dog quickly became a cherished family member. Fido was known for his gentle temperament and playful nature, often accompanying Lincoln on walks around Springfield, Illinois. Fido had an affinity for being around people, frequently seen following Lincoln to the market or lying beside him at home.

When Lincoln was elected president in 1860, he decided not to bring Fido to Washington, D.C., fearing that the noisy, bustling city and long journey would overwhelm his sensitive pet. Instead, Fido stayed in Springfield with the Roll family, close friends of the Lincolns, who promised to care for him lovingly. The family even received detailed instructions on how to care for Fido to ensure he would continue to feel at home.

After Lincoln's assassination in 1865, Fido became a sort of community symbol in Springfield, where people would visit him as a reminder of the late president. Sadly, not long after Lincoln's death, Fido met an unfortunate end; he was killed by a drunken man in 1866. Despite this tragic ending, Fido's legacy lives on as the first presidential pet ever photographed. The images of Fido provide a heartwarming glimpse into the personal life of Abraham Lincoln and his close bond with his dog.

Laddie Boy (Warren G. Harding) – Airedale Terrier (1921-1923)

This energetic, friendly terrier became known as "First Friend" and frequently accompanied Harding to meetings.

Laddie Boy, the beloved dog of President Warren G. Harding, was an Airedale Terrier and one of the first presidential pets to receive significant media attention, becoming a celebrity in his own right. Laddie Boy was born on July 26, 1920, and was given to Harding as a gift shortly after he became president. Laddie Boy quickly became a cherished member of the Harding family and was often seen accompanying the president.

First "Celebrity" White House Pet: Laddie Boy was one of the first pets to be widely covered by the press. His activities were regularly reported in newspapers, and he was often photographed, making him a favorite with the public.

Attending Cabinet Meetings: Laddie Boy had his own special chair at Harding’s cabinet meetings, where he would sit in on important discussions, symbolizing his role as a cherished family member and a unique "participant" in the administration.

Wooden Statue: After Harding’s death, newsboys across the country donated pennies to be melted down and used to create a life-sized bronze statue of Laddie Boy. This statue, crafted by sculptor Bashka Paeff, became a tribute to both the dog and the late president.

Role in Public Events: Laddie Boy was often involved in official White House events, including holiday celebrations. For example, he "hosted" an Easter egg roll and was given a special birthday celebration with a dog biscuit cake.

Human-like Personality: The media loved to play up Laddie Boy’s human-like qualities, even running fictionalized interviews and stories where he would "speak" about his life in the White House, adding to his popularity.

Symbol of Comfort: When Harding passed away in 1923, Laddie Boy was reported to have mourned deeply. Newspapers depicted him as a grieving companion, symbolizing the bond he shared with the president.

Laddie Boy's legacy endures as an early example of a presidential pet capturing the nation’s heart, helping to create the tradition of presidential pets being viewed as part of the First Family. His statue now resides at the Smithsonian Institution as a tribute to this special bond.

King Tut (Herbert Hoover) – Belgian Malinois (1929–1933)

Hoover's police dog was known for his loyalty and protective nature, often providing a comforting presence for the president.

King Tut was a beloved German Shepherd owned by President Herbert Hoover and is perhaps one of the most iconic presidential pets due to his role in boosting Hoover's public image. King Tut played an essential part in Hoover’s life both before and during his time in the White House. 

Role in Campaigning: King Tut's presence significantly softened Hoover's image during his 1928 presidential campaign. Hoover was perceived as a somewhat stern and reserved figure, so photos with his loyal and affectionate dog helped the public see him as a warmer, more relatable person. King Tut’s companionship humanized Hoover in the eyes of voters.

Security Dog: King Tut was a well-trained German Shepherd who also served as Hoover's guard dog, providing the president with an added sense of security. King Tut was known for his loyalty and protective instincts, which made him a comforting presence for Hoover during his time in the White House.

White House Fame: Upon Hoover's move to the White House, King Tut quickly became a favorite in the press. Stories of his companionship and loyalty were often reported, making him one of the most popular presidential pets at the time.

Mysterious Disappearance: Tragically, King Tut’s life was cut short under mysterious circumstances. It was reported that King Tut began to suffer from extreme nervousness and was eventually sent away from the White House. Not long after, he passed away, though details about the cause of his death were unclear, leaving a sense of mystery surrounding his final days.

Impact on Hoover’s Public Persona: King Tut helped establish the tradition of a "First Pet" as a relatable, heartwarming figure alongside the president. Hoover’s interactions with King Tut were often highlighted in the media, emphasizing a softer side to Hoover’s otherwise serious and professional public image.

Legacy of Loyalty: King Tut’s bond with Hoover became symbolic of loyalty and companionship. Even after his death, Hoover’s continued love for dogs was evident, as he later owned several other dogs throughout his presidency, though none captured the public's heart quite like King Tut.

King Tut remains an important part of the legacy of presidential pets, embodying the close bond between presidents and their canine companions.

Fala (Franklin D. Roosevelt) – Scottish Terrier (1940–1945)

Fala, the Scottish Terrier of Franklin D. Roosevelt, was perhaps the most iconic First Dog in U.S. history. Fala traveled extensively with the president during World War II and was so beloved that he even has a statue next to Roosevelt at the FDR Memorial in Washington, D.C. Fala's presence helped humanize Roosevelt, giving the American public a warm glimpse into the president's personal life during a time of great crisis.

Breed: Scottish Terrier

Born: April 7, 1940

Died: April 5, 1952

Weight: ~20 lbs

Years in White House: 1940–1945

Fala, one of the most iconic First Dogs in U.S. history, was the beloved Scottish Terrier of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Fala was born on April 7, 1940, and was given to Roosevelt as a gift from his cousin, Margaret "Daisy" Suckley. Fala quickly became Roosevelt’s constant companion and a fixture in the White House.

Fala was known for his loyal and cheerful personality, often accompanying Roosevelt on trips and public appearances. During World War II, Fala became a symbol of companionship and loyalty in the midst of turmoil. He traveled with Roosevelt to important meetings, including those with Winston Churchill and other world leaders, often appearing in photographs next to the President.

Fala’s charm and fame extended beyond the White House. He was the subject of press coverage and was even featured in cartoons, books, and films. His popularity with the American public was immense, and he was considered a national figure in his own right.

Perhaps most notably, Fala played a role in one of Roosevelt's famous speeches. In 1944, during Roosevelt’s campaign for a fourth term, the president humorously addressed accusations that Fala had been left behind on a trip to the Aleutian Islands, which allegedly cost taxpayers money to retrieve him. Roosevelt's "Fala Speech" won over the public, and Fala’s image was further cemented in history.

Fala lived with Roosevelt until the president’s death in 1945. He stayed with Eleanor Roosevelt after Franklin’s passing and remained a beloved companion until his own death in 1952. Today, Fala’s legacy endures; a statue of him sits beside Roosevelt’s at the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial in Washington, D.C.—the only presidential pet so honored.

Fala’s presence in American history reflects more than just the bond between a president and his dog. He symbolized hope and loyalty during one of the most challenging periods in U.S. history, endearing himself to both the Roosevelt family and the nation.

Pushinka (John F. Kennedy) – Mixed-breed (descendant of a Russian space dog) (1961–1963)

Pushinka, a mixed-breed dog gifted to John F. Kennedy by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, had diplomatic significance during the Cold War. Pushinka was the offspring of Strelka, one of the first Soviet space dogs, making her a symbol of peaceful diplomacy during a tense period in U.S.-Soviet relations.

Breed: Mixed-breed (descendant of a Russian space dog)

Born: Circa 1960

Died: 1972

Weight: ~20-25 lbs

Years in White House: 1961–1963

Pushinka was a unique and historically significant First Dog, gifted to President John F. Kennedy by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev during the height of the Cold War. Pushinka’s lineage made her a symbol of diplomacy between two superpowers in a tense geopolitical era—she was the offspring of Strelka, one of the first Soviet dogs to travel to space and return safely aboard a Soviet spacecraft.

Pushinka (whose name means "Fluffy" in Russian) arrived at the White House in 1961, joining the Kennedy family’s other pets. While Pushinka’s origins might have been diplomatic, she quickly became part of the family, charming First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy and the Kennedy children—Caroline and John Jr. Pushinka even underwent a full security check upon arrival at the White House, a humorous reflection of the era's Cold War tensions.

One of Pushinka’s most notable moments came when she formed a bond with Charlie, the Kennedy family’s Welsh Terrier. The two dogs had a litter of puppies, known as the "Pupniks," a playful nod to the Soviet satellite Sputnik. The Kennedy family gave the puppies away to friends, spreading the legacy of Pushinka and Charlie beyond the White House.

Despite the backdrop of Cold War rivalry, Pushinka’s presence in the Kennedy household was a symbol of the potential for peaceful diplomacy between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Pushinka lived with the Kennedys until their departure from the White House in 1963 and remained with the family after Kennedy’s assassination.

Pushinka passed away in 1972, leaving behind a legacy not only as a beloved family pet but as a living reminder of the power of small gestures in bridging global divides. She remains a unique figure in White House pet history, symbolizing hope for peaceful coexistence during one of the most challenging periods of U.S.-Soviet relations.

Him & Her (Lyndon B. Johnson) – Beagles (1963–1969)

Johnson’s playful beagles were known for their antics, and they often appeared with him in public.

Him and Her were President Lyndon B. Johnson’s two famous beagles, and they captured the public's attention during Johnson’s time in office. The dogs were a prominent part of Johnson’s family life and were frequently seen with him at the White House. Here are some notable details about Him and Her:

Matching Beagles: Him and Her were both tricolor beagles gifted to Johnson in the early 1960s, and the president quickly became attached to them. Their names were simple yet endearing, and the pair became a memorable part of the Johnson family’s life in the White House.

Frequent Public Appearances: Johnson often brought Him and Her to public events and allowed them to roam freely on the White House lawn. The dogs became well-known to both the press and the public, often seen in photos and news reports with Johnson, especially during informal moments.

Controversial Ear-Lifting Incident: In 1964, a photograph of Johnson lifting Him by his ears sparked public outcry. Johnson was criticized by animal rights advocates and dog lovers, though he defended the action, claiming it was a harmless way to handle beagles. Johnson later apologized, but the incident highlighted how presidential pets can stir public opinion.

Personal Companions: Him and Her were incredibly dear to Johnson and his family. They often accompanied him in the Oval Office, during walks on the grounds, and were considered part of the family. Their presence provided Johnson with comfort and companionship during a tumultuous time in his presidency.

Playful and Energetic Personalities: The two beagles were known for their playful and friendly nature. Johnson often spoke fondly of them and enjoyed their company, with Him and Her becoming known for their antics and affection toward their owner.

Tragic Ends: Both Him and Her met untimely fates. Him died in 1966 after being hit by a car while roaming near the White House, and Her passed away not long after, reportedly from an illness. Their deaths were sad for the Johnson family, who had cherished their companionship.

Legacy in Presidential Pet History: Him and Her were among the first presidential pets to gain widespread media coverage, helping solidify the public’s fascination with White House animals. They also highlighted the human side of Johnson and his family, showing how deeply attached they were to their pets.

Him and Her remain two of the most iconic presidential pets, remembered both for their public appearances and the affection the Johnson family held for them.

Liberty (Gerald Ford) – Golden Retriever (1974–1977)

Ford’s beloved Liberty was a loyal and gentle family companion, often seen greeting visitors.

Liberty, a beautiful Golden Retriever, was the cherished pet of President Gerald Ford and his family. Liberty became an endearing symbol of the Ford presidency, capturing the public’s affection with her friendly and loyal demeanor. 

Gift to the First Family: Liberty was gifted to President Ford by his daughter Susan Ford in 1974, not long after Ford assumed the presidency. The family quickly grew attached to her, and Liberty became a prominent figure in the White House.

A Golden Retriever with a Golden Personality: Liberty was known for her gentle and friendly nature, typical of the Golden Retriever breed. She was beloved by the Ford family and adored by the public for her approachable, loving personality.

Photographed Companion: Liberty was frequently photographed with President Ford, often seen alongside him during walks on the White House grounds. She became an iconic part of the Ford presidency, symbolizing warmth and loyalty. One of the most famous photos of Liberty shows her sitting beside Ford in the Oval Office, highlighting her close bond with the president.

Puppies Born in the White House: In 1975, Liberty gave birth to a litter of puppies while living in the White House. The puppies were a hit with the public, and some were given to friends and family, while others were adopted by the Secret Service agents who served the president. Liberty’s litter brought additional charm to her role as the First Dog.

Special Bond with Ford: Liberty had a close relationship with President Ford. Ford was known to have a calming, affectionate demeanor with Liberty, and she was frequently seen by his side. Ford reportedly used Liberty to gracefully exit long meetings—by signaling to her to "want out," which gave him an excuse to leave.

Public Relations Icon: Liberty played a role in softening Ford’s image, as photos of her with the president showed a warm and approachable side of Ford, who had taken office during a challenging time in U.S. history. Liberty helped humanize Ford and was warmly embraced by the American public.

Legacy as an Iconic First Pet: Liberty became a celebrated part of White House history, fondly remembered for her role in the Ford family. Her presence helped solidify the tradition of presidential pets being beloved by both the First Family and the public.

Liberty’s legacy endures as one of the most beloved presidential pets, symbolizing loyalty and companionship in the Ford White House.

Rex (Ronald Reagan) - Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (1981 - 1989)

Rex, the beloved dog of President Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan, was a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel who became a cherished member of the Reagan White House. 

Breed and Gift: Rex was a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, a small and affectionate breed known for its friendly and loyal nature. He was gifted to the Reagans in 1985 by conservative commentator William F. Buckley Jr. as a Christmas gift, and his small size made him an ideal fit for White House life.

Named After a Special Memory: The Reagans named Rex after Fort Ticonderoga in New York, a place that held sentimental value to them because they visited it during their honeymoon. The name was a meaningful nod to the Reagans’ early years together.

Custom Doghouse in the White House: Rex received a luxurious, custom-made doghouse in the White House, designed by Theo Hayes, a great-great-grandson of President Rutherford B. Hayes. The doghouse was decorated with red window drapes, a velvet bed, and framed portraits of Ronald and Nancy Reagan, making it a unique piece of White House decor.

Frequent Companion at White House Events: Rex was often seen at various White House events and was a frequent presence in the Reagans’ public appearances. His gentle and calm personality made him popular with visitors and staff alike, adding a warm touch to the First Family's life.

Camp David Favorite: Rex frequently accompanied the Reagans on trips to Camp David, the presidential retreat. The Reagans loved to spend time at Camp David, where Rex could roam freely and enjoy a more relaxed environment away from the formality of the White House.

Well-Loved and Cared For: Rex’s small size and affectionate nature made him an easy and loving companion, which suited the quieter, intimate moments in the Reagan White House. He became particularly close to Nancy Reagan, who often spent time with him, and he was seen as a source of comfort and companionship.

Life After the White House: When Ronald Reagan’s presidency ended in 1989, Rex left the White House with the Reagans and moved to their home in California. Rex continued to live with the Reagans and remained a treasured family member until his passing.

Rex’s presence brought a touch of warmth and relatability to the Reagan presidency, and his small size and friendly demeanor made him a beloved White House companion. He remains a memorable part of the Reagan legacy as one of their most cherished pets.

Recent "First Dogs"

Here is a list of the most recent U.S. "First Dogs" owned by the last several presidents:

Commander (Joe Biden) – German Shepherd (2021–present)

 

Breed: German Shepherd

Born: 2021

Weight: ~70-90 lbs (typical for a male German Shepherd)

Years in White House: 2021–present

Notable Facts: Commander was gifted to President Biden by his brother, James Biden, in December 2021. He quickly became a part of the Biden family after the rehoming of Major. Commander has been a frequent presence at the White House.

 
 

Major (Joe Biden) – German Shepherd (2018–2021)

    

Breed: German Shepherd

Born: 2018

Weight: ~70-90 lbs

Years in White House: 2021

Notable Facts: Major was adopted from the Delaware Humane Association in 2018, making him the first rescue dog to live in the White House. Due to a few behavioral issues, he was rehomed but continues to be loved by the Biden family.

 
 

Champ (Joe Biden) – German Shepherd (2008–2021)

Breed: German Shepherd

Born: 2008

Died: June 19, 2021

Weight: ~70-90 lbs

Years in White House: 2008–2021

Notable Facts: Champ was part of the Biden family from Joe Biden’s time as Vice President. He was known for his loyalty and calm demeanor. Champ passed away peacefully in June 2021 after a long and happy life with the Bidens.

Sunny (Barack Obama) – Portuguese Water Dog (2013–2017)

 

Breed: Portuguese Water Dog

Born: June 11, 2012

Weight: ~40-50 lbs

Years in White House: 2013–2017

Notable Facts: Sunny was introduced to the Obama family in 2013 as a companion for Bo. She was a playful, energetic dog and often joined Bo in activities around the White House.

Bo (Barack Obama) – Portuguese Water Dog (2009–2017)

 

Breed: Portuguese Water Dog

Born: October 9, 2008

Died: May 8, 2021

Weight: ~40-50 lbs

Years in White House: 2009–2017

Notable Facts: Bo was gifted to the Obamas by Senator Ted Kennedy and became an iconic First Dog. Chosen because Malia Obama had allergies, Bo was hypoallergenic and frequently appeared in public events.

Miss Beazley (George W. Bush) – Scottish Terrier (2005–2009)

 

Breed: Scottish Terrier

Born: October 28, 2004

Died: May 17, 2014

Weight: ~18-22 lbs

Years in White House: 2005–2009

Notable Facts: Miss Beazley was given to First Lady Laura Bush as a birthday present. She often appeared with the family during public events and lived a happy life until passing away from lymphoma in 2014.

Barney (George W. Bush) – Scottish Terrier (2001–2009)

 

Breed: Scottish Terrier

Born: September 30, 2000

Died: February 1, 2013

Weight: ~18-22 lbs

Years in White House: 2001–2009

Notable Facts: Barney became a media sensation with his "Barney Cam" videos, providing an inside look at life in the White House. He was a much-loved companion and passed away in 2013 from lymphoma.

Buddy (Bill Clinton) – Labrador Retriever (1997–2001)

 

Breed: Labrador Retriever

Born: August 7, 1997

Died: January 2, 2002

Weight: ~65-80 lbs

Years in White House: 1997–2001

Notable Facts: Buddy was a loyal companion to the Clintons during their time in the White House. Sadly, he passed away in a car accident in 2002, shortly after leaving the White House.

Millie (George H. W. Bush) – English Springer Spaniel (1989–1993)

 

Breed: English Springer Spaniel

Born: January 12, 1985

Died: May 19, 1997

Weight: ~40-50 lbs

Years in White House: 1989–1993

Notable Facts: Millie became famous when First Lady Barbara Bush wrote Millie’s Book, a humorous take on White House life from a dog’s perspective. She had a litter of puppies, one of whom was Ranger, another White House pet.

Ranger (George H. W. Bush) – English Springer Spaniel (Millie's puppy) (1989–1993)

 

Breed: English Springer Spaniel (Millie’s puppy)

Born: July 12, 1989

Died: April 11, 1993

Weight: ~40-50 lbs

Years in White House: 1989–1993

Notable Facts: Ranger, one of Millie’s puppies, was beloved by the Bush family. He was known for his sweet nature and frequently accompanied President George H. W. Bush on walks around the White House grounds.

Conclusion

From George Washington's Sweetlips to Joe Biden's Commander, America’s First Dogs have shared in the lives of some of the country’s most important leaders. These pets offer companionship, warmth, and moments of joy amidst the weighty responsibilities of the presidency. Over the years, they have become a beloved part of American culture, symbolizing loyalty, family, and the personal side of leadership.

As we look to the future, the tradition of presidential pets will undoubtedly continue, reminding us that even the most powerful figures in the world find comfort and joy in the simple love of a dog.

Reference:

• By George: A Founding Father and his American Foxhounds
• United States presidential pets